Cementitious material.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY S. SPACKMAN, 0F ARDMORE, AND ELLES LAZ-ELL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYL V VANIA, ASSIGNORS TO HENRY S. SPACKMAN ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF PHILADEL- PHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF; NEW JERSEY.

GEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY S. SPAOKMAN, a resident of Ardmore, Montgomery county, and State of Pennsylvania, and ELLIS W. LAZELL, a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, citizens of the United States, have made certain new and useful Inventions Relating to Gerhardtious Materials, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cementitious, that is to say, plastic materials or compositions, comprisin plasters, hydraulic and other cements an relates more particularly to highly cementitious materials and to the preparation thereof b the incorporation of se a rately prepare calcium aluminate or simi ar accelerating material with independently dementitious material, such as mixtures comprising available lime or similar earthy alkali substance mixed or combined with cooperatingl natural non-pozzuolanic silicious materia such as fine grained high silica clays 0r shales or other argillacious or silicious material.

Hydraulic calcium aluminate compounds may be readily re ared by calcining suitable mixtures of e y ground lime and bauxite or other alumina compounds, such as kaolin or high alumina clays, high alumina sla and so forth, the materials being preferab y combined in such proportions that from one to three molecules of lime are present to one molecule of alumina, sufficient lime being of course added to combine with the silica or other acid components which may be present in connection with the aluminous material added to form the mixture. Such mixed materials may be rendered hydraulic and given a ver quick initial set when ground and mixed Wit water by calcining or sintering them, and if desired by subsequently fusing them in some cases which seems to give a slower initial set to aluminates containing approximately e uivalent proportions of lime and alumina. t is of course understood that iron or similar material may be used in some cases to re lace to some extent at least the alumina in t is accelerating material, and that other earthy alkali material, such as magnesia and so forth, may be substituted for Ipart at least of the lime combined therewit such calcium aluminates and e uivalent or substitute accelerating material eing Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 22, 1908.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

simi No. 454,140.

designated hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds of alumina-like material. Suitable proportions of h draulic calcium aluminate or similar acce crating material and also if desired controlling material to ef feet the desired quickness of set and increase of strength ma be added and incorporated at any time be ore utilization with the in'dc pendently cementitious material com rising oxids, hydrates or otherwise availab e lime or similarly acting earthy alkali material (that is, free or loosely combined lime, magnesia, baryta, strontia and other material capable of combining with cooperating silicious material and calcium aluminate accelerating material). The finely divided accelerating material may be added and incorporated by the workman before or after he gages the cementitious material, or it may be dissolved or incorporated in the gaging Water; preferably however the accelerating and controlling material may be uniformly incorporated with the inde endently cementitious material so as to orm a finely ground material convenient for transportation and utilization since it becomes immediately effective when the water is added thereto.

Many silicious clays, shales or other natural non-pozzuolanic silicio s materials form, when incorporated with co peratin or available lime or the like and asuitab e proportion of calcium aluminate or similar accelerator, valuable cementitious materials having sand strengths fulfilling or approaching the Portland cement requirements as we 1 as having constant volume properties. Various proportions of such accelerating material may be incorporated with mixtures of slaked lime or its e uivalent and such silicious clay or shale or ot er natural non-pozzuolanic material (preferably either fine grained or finely ground so that ninety-five er cent. or so ass a sieve having a undre meshes to the linear inch) to secure the desired quickness of set and increase of strength, the percentage to be added depending of course on the chemical composition of the ingredients used, two to ten per cent. of calcium aluminate being usually suflicient to give compositions enerall similar for making concrete and so orth to ortland or good natural cement and forming serviceable mortars for use with sand-lime bricks to which they have good adhesionjit not having been ound necessary to add much over twenty per cent. to produce cements equal in strength when used with sand to Portland cements; although considerably larger proportions of the accelerator give much greater strength to the ccment at early periods, the aluminate when gaged alone or after incorporation with small proportions of lime and cooperating silicious material giving strengths considerably in excess of Portland cement. A good illustrative composition for use as ordinary hydraulic cement may be secured by mixing approximately forty-five parts of h 'drated limo, forty-five parts of natural shale or clay and ten parts of the calcium aluminate material, from one to three per cent. of plaster of aris being added to this mixture to controi the rate of setting. The iroportions ol materials may be varied wit in a wide range without affecting materially the results and are of course subject to some modification for each special material.

Illustrative compositions suitable for use as hydraulic cements may be pre ared from shale or clay having approximate y either oi the two compositions indicated in the two following analyses:

No. 1. No. 2. lAccelerator.

Silica s10!) 09.02% 1. 111% Alumina (M10 5.31 12. 07 (H Iron oxid (Fe,O 2. 35 7.17 j Lime 30) (i. 22 1.10 ii. an Magnesia (MgO) 3.12 1. 37 72 Loss on ignition H; 11. 96 4.77 .112

Forty-five parts of No. 1 were incorporated with three arts of )laster of paris, seven parts of hyr raulic calcium aluminate accelerator having approximately the analysis indicated above, and forty-five parts of slaked lime having the following approximate analysis: I

Silica (SiO,) 1.02% Alumina and iron oxid (R 0 .42 Calcium hydrate (Ca(OH,)) 96.87

v This material when the components were thoroughly incorporated by being ground together so that ninety-five per cent. passedthrough a lflO-mesh sieve had, when gaged with water, an initial setting time of about two hours and was com letel set in about four hours accordin to t e in ications of the standard Vicat nee e. A sample of this hydraulic hi hly cementitious material, when tested at t e twenty-eight day eriod in the ordinary way with three parts 0 commercial sand in Water (gave tensile strengths equal to those obtaine from Portland cements, and the material passed the standard soundness or constancy of volume test in boilin water specified for Portland cement, t at it has cementitious properties similar to Portland cement. Another composition eating containing forty-five per cent. slaked lime, forty per cent. of argillaceous material No. 1, twe ve per cent. of calcium aluminate and three per cent. of calcium sulfate had an initial set of two hours and a final set of four hours, and gave when tested with three parts of sand in water 120 pounds at seven days and 307 pounds at twenty-eight days. Still larger amounts of the accelerator gave greater quickness of set and strength at early periods; a com osition containing equal parts of slaked iine, calcium aluniinate accelerator and such ar illaceous material having an initial set of th1rtyfive minutes, a final set of one hour and fifteen minutes, and giving when tested with three parts of sand 170 pounds at one day and 230 pounds at seven days. Another illustrative composition formed by incorporating forty per cent.- of argillaceous material No. 2, forty-five per cent. of slaked lime, twelve per cent. of calcium aluminate and three percent. of calcium sulfate had an initial set of two hours and afinal set of four hours, and had when tested with three parts of sand the following strengths; in air 106 pounds at seven days and 1.53- pounds at twenty-eight days, and in water 115 pounds at seven days and 307 ounds at twenty-eight days. Cement may he formed in this way from many argillaceous materials high in silica; it being understood of course that the hydraulic properties of many argillaceous materials for this purpose may be augmented by preliminary roasting. An illustrative composition was made by incorporating in finely divided condition fifty-five per cent. of slakedlime,ten percent. of ca cium aluminate accelerator and thirty-five per cent. of sandstone having approximately the following analysis Silica(SiO,) 90.34%

This composition had an initial set of two hours and fifty minutes and a final set of ei ht hours, and gave when tested in water with three parts of sand 75 pounds at seven da s and 153 pounds at twenty-eight da s.

Iaving described the invention in this case which relates to natural nonozzuolanic silicious compositions and whic is a continuation of, that is, contains subject-matter taken from United States patent application 394,916, filed September 27, 1907 m connection with a number of illustrative ingredients, proportions, formulas and methods of preparation, to the details of which disclosure the invention is not of course to be limited, what is claimed as newand what is desired to be secured by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

1. The hydraulic highly cementitious material substantially fulfilling the constant volume and longperiod sand strength requirements for Portland cement consisting of about equal proportions of slaked lime and cooperating natural argillaceous silicious material incorporated with a few per cent. of controlling material and between three and twenty per cent.of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

2. The hydraulic highl cementitious material substantially fulfilling the constant volume and sand strength requirements for Portland cement consisting substantially of about equal proportions of slaked lime and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanic silicious material incorporated with a few per cent. of calcium sulfate controlling material and between three and twenty per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate' accelerating material.

3. The highly cementitious material consisting of about equal pro ortions of available earthy alkali material and cooperatin natural non-pozzuolanic silicious materia incorporated with controlling material and between three and twenty per cent. of sepa rately prepared hydraulic alumina calcium aluminate accelerating material.

4. The hydraulic highly cementitious material consisting substantially of about equal proportions of available lime and cooperatmg natural argillaceous silicious material incorporated with controlling material and between three and twenty per cent.of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali aeceleratlng compounds rich in alumina-like material.

5. The highly cementitious material comprising substantially equal considerable proportions of slaked lime and cooperating natural argillaceous silicious material incorporated with between four and fifteen per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate accelerating material.

6. The highly cementitious material comprising conslderable proportions of slaked ime and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanic silicious material incorporated with between four and fifteen per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

7 The highly cementitious material comprising considerable proportions of available ime and cooperatin natural non-pozzuolanic silicious materia incorporated with between two and twenty per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate accelerating material. 7

8. The highly cementitious material comrising considerable proportions of slaked ime and cooperating natural argillaceous silicious material incorporated with between two and twenty per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic high alumina calcium aluminate accelerating material.

9. The hydraulic highly cementitious material comprising considerable proportions of available earthy alkali material and cooperating non-pozzuolanic silicious material incorporated with between two and twenty' per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

10. The highly cemen-titious material comprising considerable proportions of available earthy alkali materia and cooperating natural argillaceous silicious material incorporated with between two and twenty percent. of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds rich in alumina-like material.

11. The highly cementitious material comprising considcrable )IOPOI'tiOIlS of available earthy alkali materia and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanic silicious material incorporated with between two and twent per cent. of separately prepared calcium a uminate accelerating material.

12. The highly cementitious material comprising considerable proportions of earthy alkali material and cooperating natural argi laceous silicious material incorporated with between two and twenty per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate accelerating material.

13. The highly cementitious material comprising considerable proportions of slaked ime and cooperatin natural non-pozzuolanic silicious materia incorporated with between two and twenty per cent. of separately prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate acceleratin material.

14. he hydraulic highly cementitious material fulfilling the constant volume and-sand strength requirements for standard Portland cement comprising considerable proportions of lime and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanic silicious material and comprising a small proportion of incorporated separatel prepared hydraulic calcium aluminate acce draulie calcium aluminate accelerating material.

17. The hydraulic highly cementitious material sul'istantially fulfilling the constant volume and long-period sand strength requirements for Portland cement comprising considerable proportions of earthy alkali material and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanic silicious material and comprising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared calcium aluminate accelerating material.

18. The hydraulic highly eementitious material fulfilling the constant volume requirements for Portland cement comprising large proportions of lime and coo )erating natural argillaeeous silicious material and eomprising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating eoni )ounds of alumina-like material and eontro ling material.

19. The hydraulic highly cementitious material substantially fulfilling the constant volume and long-period sand strength requirements for Portland cement comprising considerable proportions of earthy alkali material and cooperate natural non-pozziiolanic silieious material and comprising a small proportion of separately prepared hydraulic earth alkali accelerating compounds of alumina-1i e material and controlling ma terial. v

20. The hydraulic hi hly eementitious material substantially fulfi lling the constant volume and long- )eriod sand strength re uirements for Portland cement comprising arge proportions of lime and cooperating natural non-pozzuolanie silicious material and comprising a small proportion of incorporated separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali accelerating compounds of alumina-like material.

21. lhe hydraulic highly cementitious material fulfilling the constant volume requirements for Portland cement comprising eonsideruhle proportions of earthy alkali material and eoopera ting natural argillaceous silieious material and comprising a small proportion of separately prepared hydraulic earthy alkali aeeelerati-ng compounds of 31.

alumina-like material.

HENRY S. SPACKMAN. ELLIS Vt. IJAZEIJL. Witnesses:

Louis F. SonUoK. W. L. \VILsoN. 

